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The modern “nation” and “China” view of China
Author: Zhao Yongchun
Source: “Social Science” Issue 4, 2021
Content summary:In China’s modern traditional civilization, there are three important meanings: “National” is used to refer to the world, Chinese is used to refer to the Jiuzhou and the Four Seas, and Chinese is used to refer to the dynasty countries; “China” is also important for the connotation: “National” is used to refer to the Jiuzhou and the Four Seas, Chinese is used to refer to the dynasty countries, and Chinese is used to refer to the Huaxia Han people and the Huaxia region. The “national” of Chinese and Chinese are in line with the connotation of broad and Chinese “China” respectively. China uses “national” to refer to “China” in modern times, although it is a regional concept, it is not composed of “China” and “Four Barbarians” (or “China” and “Four Generations”), but is composed of the Han people of the Han people and their political rights and the Four Barbarians and their political rights (or the Han and Xia regions and their political rights and the Four Generations regions and their political rights), including the Kyushu. , all the Chinese and their political powers in the world; predecessors used “national” to refer to the “China” of a dynastic country. Although it is a concept of national political power, it includes not only a few ethnic groups under the jurisdiction of the Han and Han dynasties, but also a few dynasties established by a few ethnic groups. They are not just a single ethnic country, but a multi-ethnic country. Therefore, China’s modern “national” is actually a concept used to refer to the broad “China” and the Chinese “China”. This concept of “national” equals “China”. Although it developed to Cen Ling during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, since the concept of “national” equals “five continents” began to spread to China. “national” equals “world” and “China” were just one of the “national” concepts began to have a potential impact on the Chinese people. The concepts of “national” and “China” overlapping concepts began to collapse. After the establishment of the Chinese People’s Republic of China, the concepts of “national” and “China” finally completed the separation.
Keywords: Modern China/”National”/Jiuzhou/”China”/Dynastic States
Social Science Fund: This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund’s critical project “China’s Modern Agreement and Chinese Ethnic Structure Research” (Project No.: 15ZDB027).
Author profile:Zhao Yongchun, professor of History Department of Jilin University of Literature (Jilin Changchun 130012)
The problem of the concept of China’s modern “nation” and “China” is how to understand the modern “world” and ” China”, the national system and the Chinese system, the national order and the Chinese order, and how to understand the major problems of “China” in history and the historical edge of China. Therefore, it has long become one of the most concerned topics in the academic world, and has published many research results that have attracted widespread attention from the Chinese and foreign academic circles. ① But although these results are believed to be of the modern “national” and “China”There are thousands of thousands of connections, but most of the results still believe that China’s modern “national” refers to the world, composed of “China” and “Four Barbarians” or “China” and “Four Descendants”. It believes that the concept of “China” only refers to the Han and Han tribes and their political rights or the Han and Xia tribes and their political rights. “China” is just a part of the “national”, etc. In fact, China’s modern “national” has three important meanings: Guangyi refers to the world, China refers to Jiuzhou and Four Seas, and Sunyi refers to dynastic countries; although the connotation of China’s modern “China” is many, if you understand it from a multi-level perspective, there are also three important meanings: Guangyi refers to Jiuzhou and Four Seas, China refers to dynastic countries, and Sunyi refers to the Huaxia region and the Beijing masters where the Huaxia Han people live. The connotation of “national” that refers to the world (the great Kyushu) by predecessors has rarely been applied in reality, and it has not been effective in the word “national” refers to the connotation of “China” in the meaning of “China”. Therefore, the “national” mentioned by predecessors has become a concept used to refer to the meaning of “China” and “China” in China, and has become the concept that is equivalent to “China” in the actual application of predecessors. japan (Japanese) Keno Anbe once discussed the “national” concept of the Chinese people and proposed that the scope of the modern “national” refers to China is not the world we call it, but the view of “China”, but it did not arouse widespread attention in the academic community. Therefore, the author does not avoid being rude and discusses his own understanding of this problem.
1. “National” and “China” view of Jiuzhou and the four seas
China’s modernity has indeed put forward the concept that “National” is equal to the world, but fewer believers, and more people use “National” to refer to “China”. China uses “national” to refer to “China”, which is divided into two levels. The first level is to refer to “national” to “China” among the Jiuzhou and the four seas. There are many historical materials in this regard.
Zhen Yan during the war period was one of the early learners who discussed “the whole country”, “Jiuzhou” and “Zhongtong” together. ③Zhengyan divided the “national” into nine major states, and the “China” as Confucians also called “Chin County Shenzhou”, which is just one of the nine major states in the “national”. Among the “Nine States of China”, there are eight states like “China”, which later generations called it “Nine States”. Although “China” is also divided into Jiuzhou, each state is only one-eighty-one of the “Nine Provinces in the country” and is called “Little Jiuzhou” by later generations. Zheng Yan also believed that the “little Jiuzhou” called “China” was surrounded by sea on all sides; the “big Jiuzhou” called “the whole country” was surrounded by sea on all sides. Among the “Female College Students’ Care ClubNational Jiuzhou” (Kyushu) and “China Jiuzhou” (Little Jiuzhou) system established by Zhengyan, “National Jiuzhou” is the “national” and refers to the world; while “Little Jiuzhou” refers to “China”, which is just a part of “national”.
Zheng Yan’s idea of ”the whole country” was a kind of understanding of the world at that time. Although there were certain facts and were used by some masters of the Han Dynasty, ④ However, due to the limitations of the times and technology conditions, most people’s idea of ”the whole country” concept, especially his “the whole country’s “the whole country” (the big country’s “the big country”) study, did not agree with it. For example, Huan Zhu and Wang Chong of the Han Dynasty believed that “the whole country is “what they said is strange and delusional.” ⑤ Although most of the later generations did not adopt the “national” study of “big Jiuzhou” in the “big Jiuzhou” in the “big Jiuzhou”, ⑥ However, few people doubted the “Chinese Jiuzhou” (little Jiuzhou) and believed that the “Chinese Jiuzhou” (little Jiuzhou) mentioned by Zheng Yan was the “Jiuzhou of Yu”, which is the “Jiuzhou” recorded in “Shangshu·Yu Zheng”. ⑦ This is also what predecessors called “Jiuzhou” and regard this “Jiuzhou” (Little Jiuzhou) as “the whole country”. ⑧As the “Travel Notes: Monthly Orders” states: “All people who are in the nine states across the country will be able to exert their strength.” ⑨ The “national” and “nine provinces” are merged, and the “nine provinces” are regarded as “nine provinces”. Wang Chong of Han Dynasty said that the book of Zheng Yan said, “The Nine Provinces in “Yu Cang” will only lead to the Nine Provinces in the world. They are in the southeast corner and are called Chi County Shenzhou.” ⑩ It is clear that the “national” referred to by “big Jiuzhou” in Zheng Yan was changed to the “national” referred to by
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